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<h3>Python Strings</h3>

<hr>

<h4>Strings</h4>

<p>A String can be defines as a <b>sequence</b> of characters.<br>

For accessing the characters of a string <b>square brackets[ ]</b> are used.</p><br>

<b>Example:</b><br>

<pre><code>event='wedding'

letter=event[4]

print(letter)

<p>The above code will give you the charachter at position 4.<br>

The square bracket consist an expression known as <b>index</b>.</p>

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code><b>i</b>

<p>Now you might be confused, as we count <b>i</b> is at position 5 so why the output at position 4 is equal to <b>i</b>?<br>

This is because the index is an offset from the beginning of the string, and the offset of the first letter is <b>0</b>.

That's why it is printing i as output.</p><br>

<p>So <b>w</b> is the 0^th word,<b>e</b> is the 1^st word,<b>d</b> is the 2^nd word and so on.</p>

<img src="pythonphoto/string1.PNG" alt="Wedding example" width="40%">

<figcaption>String indexes</figcaption><br>

<p>String literals can be sorrounded by single quotation marks or double quotation marks.<br>

As <b>"wedding"</b> is same as <b>'wedding'</b></p><br>

<p>Important points about strings:</p>

<ol>

<li>For strings <b>'+'</b> means concatenate</li><br>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>s='str'

k='ing'

m=s+k

print(m)</code></pre>

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code><b>string</b></code></pre>

<li>When a string contains numbers, it will remain string.</li>

<li>We can convert numbers in a string into a number by using <b>int()</b>.</li><br>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>m='12345'

k=<b>int(m)</b>

print(k)

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>12345</code></pre>

</ol>

<h5>String slices</h5><br>

<p>A segment of a string is called a slice. Selecting a slice is similar to selecting a character.</p><br>

<b>Example:</b>

s='Deep Learning'

print(s[0:7])</code></pre>

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>Deep Le</code></pre>

<p>There is also an term <b>Negative indexing</b>.<br>

In negative indexing,the indexes taken are negative and in output ,counting starts from ending.Let's take an example.</p><br>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>m='Machine'

print(m[-5:-2])

<p>The above code says that Get the characters from position 5 to position 1 (not included), starting the count from the end of the string.</p><br>

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code><b>chi</b></code></pre>

<h5>String length</h5>

<p>To measure the length of the string we will use the <b>len()</b> function.</p>

<b>Example:</b><br>

<pre><code>a="artificial"

print(len(a))

<b>Output:</b><br>

<pre><code><b>10</b></code></pre>

<h5>String methods</h5>

<p>Python has a set of various built-in methods that can be used on strings.Some of them are following: </p>

<ol>

<li><b>lower()</b>

<p>The method <b>lower()</b> is used to convert the string in lowercase.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>m='MACHine'

print(m.lower())

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>machine</code></pre>

</li>

<li><b>upper()</b>

<p>The method <b>lower()</b> is used to convert the string in uppercase.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>m='MACHine'

print(m.upper())

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>MACHINE</code></pre>

</li>

<li><b>strip()</b>

<p>The method <b>strip()</b> is used to remove any whitespace from beginning or last.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>m=' MACHine '

print(m.strip())

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>MACHine</code></pre>

</li>

<li><b>split()</b>

<p>The method <b>split()</b> is used to split out the string into substrings with the help of instances of the seperator.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>m='artificial,intelligence'

print(<b>m.split(',')</b>)

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>['artificial','intelligence']</code></pre>

<p><b>Note:</b> If any seperable is not provided in the <b>split()</b> function then it uses whitespace as an default seperable.</p>

</li>

<li><b>startswith()</b>

<p>The method <b>startswith()</b> is used to give the output in <b>True</b> or <b>False</b>.This function will check the given string is starts with the given input or not.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code>m='Hello, welcome to my website'

print(m.startswith("Hello"))

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>True</code></pre>

</li>

</ol>

<p>There are lots of these type of functions available in python which are very useful.</p>

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