Portal:Slovakia

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Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's mostly mountainous territory spans about 49,000 km² (19,000 sq mi), hosting a population exceeding 5.4 million. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, while the second largest city is Košice.

The Slavs arrived in the territory of the present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. From the late 6th century, parts of modern Slovakia were incorporated into the Avar Khaganate. In the 7th century, the Slavs played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire. When the Avar Khaganate dissolved in the 9th century, the Slavs established the Principality of Nitra before it was annexed by the Principality of Moravia, which later became Great Moravia. When Great Moravia fell in the 10th century, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary at the end of the 9th century, which later became the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000. In 1241 and 1242, after the Mongol invasion of Europe, much of the territory was destroyed, but was recovered largely thanks to Hungarian king Béla IV. During the 16th and 17th centuries, southern portions of present-day Slovakia were incorporated into provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman-controlled areas were ceded to the Habsburgs by the turn of the 18th century. The Hungarian declaration of independence in 1848 was followed in the same year by the Slovak Uprising through the establishment of the Slovak National Council. While the uprising did not achieve its aim, it played an important role in cementing a Slovak national identity. The Hungarian wars of independence eventually resulted in a compromise that established the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

During World War I, the Czechoslovak National Council successfully fought for independence amidst the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the state of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed in 1918. The borders were set by the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919 and by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. Czechoslovakia incorporated the territory of present-day Slovakia which was entirely part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the lead up to World War II, local fascist parties gradually came to power in the Slovak lands, and the first Slovak Republic was established in 1939 as a one-party clerical fascist client state under the control of Nazi Germany. In 1940, the country joined the Axis when its leaders signed the Tripartite Pact. Czechoslovakia was re-established after the country's liberation at the end of the war in 1945. Following the Soviet-backed coup of 1948, Czechoslovakia became a communist state within the Eastern Bloc, a satellite state of the Soviet Union behind the Iron Curtain and member of the Warsaw Pact. Attempts to liberalise communism culminated in the Prague Spring, which was suppressed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution peacefully ended Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. Slovakia became an independent democratic state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes referred to as the Velvet Divorce. (Full article...)

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The Kremnička and Nemecká massacres were a series of massacres committed between 5 November 1944 and 19 February 1945 in Kremnička and Nemecká, Slovakia by the Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions and Einsatzkommando 14 following the suppression of the Slovak National Uprising. During the uprising, many Jews fled to Banská Bystrica, a partisan stronghold; when the town fell, Jews, actual or suspected Slovak partisans, and Romani people captured during roundups were temporarily held in the town's jail. The victims were then trucked to the murder sites at Kremnička and Nemecká, where they were shot. The majority of the 747 people shot at Kremnička were Jewish. Exact figures are not known for the Nemecká massacres, because the bodies were burned, but historians estimate a death toll of around 900, of whom most of the known victims were Jewish or Romani. (Full article...)

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Did you know...

...that Pharmacy Salvator in Bratislava, Slovakia survived both World Wars and nationalization but closed after 102 years of operation after being privatized?
...that Slovak is an unincorporated community in Prairie County, Arkansas, United States?
...that the Trinitarian Church in Bratislava was built on the place of an older settlement which was demolished in 1529 due to the Ottoman wars?
...that Slovak Paradise National Park is home to more than 2,100 species of butterfly, resulting in the highest concentration in Slovakia?
...that tajchy, a network of 60 water reservoirs and more than 100 km of channels, was built in the 1700s to drain flooded silver mines in Banská Štiavnica?
...that of 43 people on board, the sole survivor of the 2006 Slovak Air Force Antonov An-24 crash was in the toilet at the time of the crash?
...that archaeologists discovered bones of at least seven people sacrificed by druids in Havránok?

General images

The following are images from various Slovakia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The territories of Matthias Corvinus (from History of Slovakia)
Image 2Tiso's independent Slovakia in 1941. (from History of Slovakia)
Image 3A map presenting Moravia and the Principality of Nitra. (from History of Slovakia)
Image 4Football stadium Tehelné pole in Bratislava. Association football is the most popular sport in Slovakia. (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 5Main altar in Basilica of St. James from the workshop of Master Paul of Levoča, highest wooden altar in the world, 1517 (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 6The Avar settlement area from the 7th to the 9th century, according to Éva Garam (from History of Slovakia)
Image 7A map of the northern part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary in 1850, showing the two military districts which had administrative centres in the territory of present-day Slovakia (from History of Slovakia)
Image 8The Mongol invasion in the 13th century led to construction of mighty stone castles, such as Spiš Castle. (from History of Slovakia)
Image 9Suggested borders of the Duchy of Nitra, proposed by Ján Steinhübel based on the description of the southern frontiers of Poland under Duke Bolesław the Brave (r. 992–1025) in the late 13th-century Polish-Hungarian Chronicle (from History of Slovakia)
Image 10The Slovak national ice hockey team celebrating a victory against Sweden at the 2010 Winter Olympics (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 11Wooden folk architecture can be seen in the well preserved village of Vlkolínec, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 12Slovaks wearing folk costumes from Eastern Slovakia (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 13Sure and disputed borders of Great Moravia under Svatopluk I (according to modern historians) (from History of Slovakia)
Image 14This wooden church in Bodružal is an example of Rusyn folk architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 15Halušky with bryndza cheese, kapustnica soup and Zlatý Bažant dark beer—examples of Slovak cuisine (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 16Massive anti-government rally in Bratislava, 9 March 2018 (from History of Slovakia)
Image 17The spread of archaeological cultures associated with the Celts in Europe:
  core Hallstatt territory, by the 6th century BC
  maximal Celtic expansion, by the 3rd century BC
  Lusitanian and Vettones' area where Celtic presence has been proposed by Koch and Cunliffe
(from History of Slovakia)
Image 18Slovak folk dance (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 19The Principality of Upper Hungary was a short lived Ottoman vassal state ruled by Imre Thököly (from History of Slovakia)
Image 20Europe around 900. (from History of Slovakia)
Image 21Dacian dominance in today's Slovakia and their influence in neighboring areas (from History of Slovakia)
Image 22Czechoslovakia 1969–1990. (from History of Slovakia)
Image 23Male Slovak folk dancers (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 24A map of modern Slovakia (from History of Slovakia)
Image 25Germanic and other tribes within the Hun-dominated areas, around 450 AD (from History of Slovakia)
Image 26The provinces of the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the "oligarchs" (powerful lords) in early 14th century (from History of Slovakia)
Image 27A map of the federalization of Austria-Hungary planned by Archduke Franz Ferdinand, with Slovakia as one of the member states (from History of Slovakia)
Image 28Areas ruled by Matthew III Csák and Amade Aba. (from History of Slovakia)
Image 29Ľudovít Štúr, the author of the Slovak language standard (from Culture of Slovakia)
Image 30The "Miracle of the Rain" depicted on the Column of Marcus Aurelius in Rome (from History of Slovakia)
Image 31Czechoslovakia in 1928 (from History of Slovakia)
Image 32The Long Turkish War in 1593–1606 (from History of Slovakia)
Image 33Linguistic map of Czechoslovakia in 1930 (from History of Slovakia)
Image 34Present-day Slovakia as part of Poland under the reign of Bolesław the Brave (r. 992–1025): the borders of Poland are described based on the report of the late 13th-century Polish-Hungarian Chronicle, the reliability of which is not universally accepted by specialists (from History of Slovakia)
Image 35Territorial losses in 1938–39. (from History of Slovakia)

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