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If you can extend the file between the file size gathering (resulting in a buffer allocation), and reading / writing to the file you can trigger a TOC-TOU where you write out of bounds. To solve this, add extra bound checks and make sure that write actions always fail when going out of bounds. The easiest way to trigger this is via a pipe, which is used in the test, but it should be possible with a regular file and a quick race condition as well.
devnexen
approved these changes
Nov 26, 2025
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If you can extend the file between the file size gathering (resulting in a buffer allocation), and reading / writing to the file you can trigger a TOC-TOU where you write out of bounds.
To solve this, add extra bound checks and make sure that write actions always fail when going out of bounds.
The easiest way to trigger this is via a pipe, which is used in the test, but it should be possible with a regular file and a quick race condition as well.